Indecision, Hesitation and Delay in Shakespeares Hamlet - Needless Delay? :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Hamlet's Delay The question of why Hamlet delays in taking revenge on Claudius for so long has puzzled readers and audience members alike. Immediately following Hamlet's conversation with the Ghost, he seems determined to fulfill the Ghost's wishes and swears his companions to secrecy about what has occurred. The next appearance of Hamlet in the play reveals that he has not yet revenged his father's murder. In Scene two, act two, Hamlet gives a possible reason for his hesitation. "The spirit that I have seen / May be a devil, and the devil hath power / T' assume a pleasing shape" (2.2.627-629). With this doubt clouding his mind, Hamlet seems completely unable to act. This indecision is somewhat resolved in the form of the play. Hamlet comes up with the idea of the play that is similar to the events recounted by the ghost about his murder to prove Claudius guilty or innocent. Due to the king's reaction to the play, Hamlet attains the belief that the Ghost was telling the truth the night of the appar ition. In Hamlets mind, it is now his duty to avenge his father's murder. This is where the real problem of inaction enters the play. Later that night, Hamlet has a perfect opportunity to kill Claudius, when he sees the King kneeling in prayer. He wonders if this is the time to kill him and get it over with, but decides not to. He claims that he does not want Claudius to go to heaven, so he would rather kill him when he is committing a sin. If this is the case, then why doesn't he simply wait till Claudius has completed his prayer, accuse him of the murder and kill him in his sin of denial. Instead, Hamlet goes to the chamber of his mother and passes up his best opportunity at revenge. The argument can be made, however, that it is not a fear of killing that causes this inaction. He does not display an inability to end someone's life when killing Polonius. He neither hesitates nor capitulates in sending Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their executions. Why then would the prince of Denmark he sitate to kill the one man he most justly could? Many literary believe that his inaction is the result of a vicarious Oedipus complex. Those who concur with this theory say that Hamlet, in his subconscious mind, has a desire to do exactly what his uncle has done; that is, get rid of the king so that he can have Gertrude for himself.

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path

In the short story, "A Worn Path" Eudora Welty's plot is not all that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down "a worn path." It is at this point that all of Welty's readers' hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there are many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenix's adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the woods are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship that most of us will never have to face, but in Phoenix's case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandson's life. Since she is In this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy life's luxuries as others do and Must make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacks the money to pay for transportation to and from town; therefore, she starts down her path carrying a "thin, small cane made from an umbrella" (132). Although Welty never really emphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she does not have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her walk properly. Another conflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a hunter she encounters in... ...cidents indicate that Phoenix adapts to the dangers that face her, and allows the plot to then become clear. Welty catches the reader's attention by how real her short story seems. Even though many people may never experience Phoenix's problems, the descriptions and images she uses allows her to create a powerful story in which many feel they can relate to in some way. Her three major problems, poverty, old age, and some form of a journey, are all obstacles which all of her readers will one day face as they travel through their own paths. Works Cited Jacobs, Henry E. and Roberts, Edgar V. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 5th ed. new Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998: 131-137. Oates, Joyce C. "Eudora Welty." Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1973 ed. 361. Vande Kieft, Ruth M. Eudora Welty. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1987.

Bromination of Acetanilide

BROMINATION OF ACETANILIDE OBJECTIVE Aim of the experiment was too brominate acetaldehyde to form p-bromoacetanilide. INTRODUCTION Acetanilide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of C6H5NH(COCH3). It is a crystalline solid that is prepared by acetylation of analine and is widely used in the dye industry. This crystalline solid is an odourless solid chemical that has a flake or leaf like appearance. It is also known as N phenylacetamide, acetanil or acetanilide. Its former trade name was antifebrin. As mentioned earlier acetanilide can be produced by reacting acetic anhydride with aniline.C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O > C6H5NHCOCH3 + CH3COOH (http://www. mendelset. com/articles/680/preparation-recrystallization-acetanilide) (regensburg. de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/Grafik/box_brom_ar1. gif) The second figure illustrates the process used in the laboratory to form bromoacetanilide. Recrystallization is of key importance in the experiment because this method is used to obtain the crystals. Recrystallization is a purification technique that removes impurities from a sample. An impure solid is placed in a liquid for example water or ethanol. It is then heated making the solid dissolve into the solvent.When the solvent cools back down again, the solid will precipitate out of the solution and leave the impurities behind, still dissolved in the solvent. This method purifies the solid. Acetanilide has many uses in both pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of penicillin and other pharmaceuticals. Originally it was the first aniline discovered to posses’ analgesic and antipyretic properties. A. Cahn and P. Hepp introduced it in the medical field in 1886. It was later to be discontinued in the medical field because of its toxic nature that was believed to cause cyanosis in the patient.Through further research it was also discovered that acetanilide is metabolized in the body to form paracetamol which was responsible for the analgesic and antipyretic property. Acetanilide is also used as an inhibitor in hydrogen pe roxide and is used to stabilize cellulose ester varnishes. It is also used in intermediation in rubber accelerator synthesis, dyes and dye intermediate synthesis and camphor synthesis. It is also used in the manufacture of sulfa drugs as it used for the production of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride, which is a key intermediate during this manufacture. METHOD 4. g of acetanilide was placed in a 100cm3 conical flask. It was then dissolved by adding 20 cm3 of glacial acetic acid, which was measured out in a measuring cylinder. 7. 0 cm3 was dispensed directly into the conical flask by use of a burette in one portion. The flask was then swirled to mix the contents. It was then covered with a clock glass and left in the fume hood for precisely 30 minutes long and swirled occasionally during the duration. Aqueous sodium hydrogen sulphite solution was added into the beaker until the red colour of the reactant disappeared this was to ensure that excess bromine formed during the reaction was destroyed. Feature Article –Â  Free-Radical BrominationThe lumps of solid found in the bottom of the flask were broken up to ensure no trapped bromine remained. As a precaution the first part of the experiment, which is outlined above, was carried out in a fumed cupboard. The flask was then taken out of the cupboard and the solid was then filtered by suction filtration using a Buchner funnel and washed with distilled water (2x 25cm3 portions). As much water as possible was removed from the solid by suction filtration then transferred to a 100cm3 conical flask.The crude solid was recrystallized by use of a minimum volume of a mixture of ethanol and water in the ratio 2: 1 at its boiling point. This mixture was added in portions using a steam bath as a heat source. The clear solution was then set aside to cool to near room temperature. The flask was cooled thoroughly in an ice/water bath afterwards the crystals were collected by suction filtration using a Hirsch funnel. The crystals were then washed with approximately 1cm3 of ice-cold ethanol/water mixture, dried by suction filtration and the mass and melting point range recorded.RESULTS Mass of empty weighing boat | 2. 25g| Mass of empty weighing boat+crystals| 5. 09g| Mass of crystals| 2. 8g| Melting range| 162 – 170C | DISCUSSION Bromine is generally a toxic, corrosive and a severe irritant to lung and eye tissues. Necessary precautions were taken during the experiment. One of the precautions taken was handling of the bromine solution in the reaction was done in a fumed cupboard. The excess bromine that was in the reaction was completely destroyed by adding aqueous sodium hydrogen sulphite solution.Protective gloves were worn to prevent the bromine liquid, ethanoic acid and sodium hydrogen sulphite from irritating the skin, as they are all skin irritants. The reaction that was carried out in the first part of the experiment is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the electrophilic aromatic substituti on, an electrophile reacts with the benzene ring this result in an electrophile replacing hydrogen in one of the phenyl carbons such that the product of the reaction has the electrophile bonded to one of the phenyl carbon.We did not use aniline in this practical as it has carcinogenic properties instead we used acetic anyhidride which is a milder version. The other products formed in this reaction hydrogen bromide and can be collected by hydrolizing(removing the hydrogen) to obtain the bromine. The percentage yield of the rection was calculated as follows Maas of products was 2. 84g Molar mass of bromo acetanilide=214 0. 284/ 214 = 0. 00133 4. 5g of acetanilide used Molar mass = 135 0. 45/134 = 0. 003 Yield 0. 00133/0. 003x 100 = 44. 3% yield.As clearly illustrated the percentage yield is less than a 100% this could be due to a number of reasons like some of the solid might have been lost during the suction or while washing the crystals with the water and ethanol mixture the weighin g scales could also have been inaccurate. CONCLUSION Better practical methods are required during the experiment to ensure a 100% yield. REFERENCES http://www. mendelset. com/articles/680/preparation-recrystallization-acetanilide regensburg. de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/Grafik/box_brom_ar1. gif)

Application Letter

October 2012 Hon. Shirlita Y. Chong Municipal Mayor Liloan, Southern Leyte Dear Madam: I would like to apply as Enumerator in the update survey of the 2009 result of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS – PR) by next year 2013. I’m Arlene Salada, married a resident of Brgy. Ilag, Liloan Southern Leyte and a Bachelor of Elementary Education graduated at Tomas Oppus Normal College Tomas Oppus Southern Leyte. I work as BHW (Barangay Health Worker) for 5 years last 2002 up to 2007 at Brgy. Ilag , Liloan So. Leyte.I was also a Community Profiler Volunteer of Plan Philippines. I’m hardworking and willing to be part of the NHTS-PR enumerators. Thank You. More Power. ARLENE B. SALADA Applicant List of Secretaries of Education (*) Acting Capacity #| Name| Term Began| Term Ended| President| Secretary of Public Instruction| 1| Sergio Osmena| 1935| 1940| Manuel Quezon| | 2| Jorge Bocobo| 1940| 1941| | | Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public Welfare| (1)| Sergio Osmena| 1941| 1944| Manuel Quezon| | Minister of Public Instruction| *| Jorge Bocobo| 1943| 1945| Jose Laurel| |Secretary of Information and Public Relations| 3| Carlos P. Romulo| 1944| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Public Instruction and Information| 4| Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Education| | Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1946| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Instruction| 5| Manuel Gallego| 1946| 1948| Manuel Roxas| | Secretary of Education| 6| Prudencio Langcauon| 1948| 1953| Elpidio Quirino| | Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports| 7| Lourdes Quisumbing| February 1986| December 1989| Corazon Aquino| | 8| Isidro Carino| January 1990| June 1992| | | | Armand Fabella| July 1992| July 1994| Fidel Ramos| | 10| Ricardo Gloria| August 1994| December 1997| | | 11| Erlinda Pefianco| January 1998| June 1998| | | 12| Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D| Hulyo 1998| January 2001| Joseph Estrada| | Secretary of Education| 13| R aul Roco| February 2001| August 2002| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo| | 14| Edilberto de Jesus| September 2002| July 2004| | | 15| Florencio Abad| July 2004| July 2005| | | *| Ramon Bacani| July 2005| September 2005| | | *| Fe Hidalgo| September 2005| July 2006| | | 6| Jesli Lapus| July 2006| March 2010| | | 17| Mona Valisno| March 2010| June 30, 2010| | | 18| Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC| June 30, 2010| Incumbent| Benigno S. Aquino III| | Secretary of Education (Philippines) Secretary of Public Instruction SERGIO OSMENA JORGE BOCOBO 1935-1940 1940-1941 Secretary of Information and Public Relations Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Dr. Lourdes R. Quisumbing – February 1986 December 1989 CARLOS P. ROMULO 1944 – 1945Secretary of Public Instruction and InformationSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports 4 Francisco Benitez 1945 1945 Sergio Osmena Secretary of Education Francisco Benitez 1945 1946 Secretary of Instruction 5 Manuel Gallego 1946 1948 Secretary of Education 6 Prudencio Langcauon 1948 1953 Isidro Carino January 1990 June 1992 Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Armand Fabella July 1992 July 1994 Secretary of Education, Culture and SportsSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports Erlinda Pefianco Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D Hulyo 1998 January 2001 Joseph EstradaJanuary 1998 June 1998 Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Edilberto de Jesus Ramon Bacani September 2002 – July 2004 July2005-Sept. 2005 Fe Hidalgo September 2005-July2006 Raul Roco February 2001 August 2002 Jose Abad Jesli Lapus Mona Valisno Luis Fermin July 2004-July 2005 July 2006- March 2010 March 2010-June 2010 June 30 2010 –

Theories and Principles that Govern Ethical Decision Making in Research Paper

Theories and Principles that Govern Ethical Decision Making in Medicine - Research Paper Example the systematic inquiry into man’s moral behavior with the purpose of discovering the rules that ought to govern human action and the goods that are worth seeking in human life†. These ethical standards governing the existence of human life also encompass the realm of medical entities. This essay is written to present the underlying theoretical concepts and principles governing ethical decision making in the field of medicine. In addition, it aims to determine the ways in which conflicts of interest inherent in various financial and organizational arrangements for the practice of medicine can pose threats to the medical professionalism. There are basically five underlying theoretical framework for ethical decision making in the medical profession, to wit: deontological theory (what one must do, based on duties and obligations), teleological theory (the purpose or consequences of the moral acts), consequentialist theory (the moral value of an act, rule or policy is to be found in its consequences, not in intentions or motives), virtue ethics (seen in the way we feel is the ‘right’ way to behave towards patients and to colleagues) and casuistry (or case based reasoning, does not focus on rules and theories but rather on practical decision-making in particular cases based on precedent). (Slowther, et.al. 2004) Slowther, et.al. (2004) averred that â€Å"Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles approach is one of the most widely used frameworks and offers a broad consideration of medical ethics issues generally, not just for use in a clinical setting†. These principles are: â€Å"(1) respect for autonomy: respecting the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons; enabling individuals to make reasoned informed choices), (2) beneficence: balancing benefits of treatment against the risks and costs; the healthcare professional should act in a way that benefits the patient, (3) non maleficence: avoiding causing harm; the healthcare professional should not

Analysis of the Theoretical Concepts of Scientific Management Assignment

Analysis of the Theoretical Concepts of Scientific Management - Assignment Example Scientific Management came to be known after the work of Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911), an engineer by profession. In his book The Principles of Scientific Management, he proposed the fundamental model along which assembly-lines of large-scale manufacturing factories should be made. His model focuses on the standardization of work through an emphasis on division of labour, time, motion studies, work measurement and piece-rate wages (Drury, 1915). Scientific management, or Taylorism, is a management theory aimed to streamline workflow. The fundamental objectives of this theory were to harness the true potential of economic efficiency and labour productivity. Since early 1700s people have been working on formal management principles, but the most significant development in this endeavour came with the work of Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915). He along with his associates merged the fields of science and business (work). They set out with observing workers productivity in a work setting. Taylor believed in the optimization of work rather than forcing people to work harder or extra. In his book, he proposed the simplification of work in order to enhance or improve workers’ productivity. He proposed a closer association between managers and employees whereas earlier this was least of anyone’s concerns. Managers used to keep a wide distance between their workers and themselves. Due to the lack of standardized work, workers found no real motivation towards their work (Head, 2005). Above all, job security in all cases also added to the worker's disengagement from work. Consequently, in order to raise the bar of motiva tion Taylor proposed the linking of pay with performance.

Agriculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Agriculture - Essay Example I prefer to use the term local to refer to a certain state though the term can also be applied to the entire US. In case of food products, there are quite a number of features that are considered by the consumers. I consumed locally produced chicken as well as homemade grape drink. I only wanted to find out if there is any difference between locally produced food products and those imported from the other countries. I discovered that locally produced chicken tasted better compared to chicken imported from countries like Brazil. I gathered that chicken imported from Brazil is made from genetically modified organisms and it is too fat. However, our locally produced chicken is different from the imported products. It is original and it tastes good. Just the same like the grape drink that I consumed for two consecutive days. It had an original taste as a result of the fact that it had little additives. From this experience, I gathered that products that are meant for the local market are original and they often have high prices compared to low quality products that are imported from other local markets. Originality is the main aspect that has appealed to my interests towards locally produced goods. I have come to realize that when you want to obtain local products when doing your shopping, you should read the label and try to gain knowledge about the place where the product was made. I have also no ted that locally produced products have slightly higher prices if they are original compared to genetically modified products sourced from other regional markets. Apart from differences in the cost of local and regional products, the quality also differs. From carrying out this exercise, I have realized that the term local is synonymous with quality and originality. Local people often identify with the products that are locally produced and they derive pride from these. In terms of